Filter-bottom construction



. "J. E. WILLIAMSON.

FILTER BOTTOM CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED Auem. 1921.

1,429,477, PatentedSept. 19,1922.

@ .1 I 2 SHEETSSHEET l- ./W?m M ATTORNEYS Be'it known that I, JAMES E. WILLIAMSON,

Patented Sept. 19, 1922,

JAMES E. wrLLrAi/rson, or sonrrr seam n nEwJnnsE'Y.

ea en FILTER-BOTTOM oons'in ucrronl Application filed hugust lffilam. Serial No. 492,956;

ToaZZ w/wme't may mm a citizen of the United States,and a resident of South Orange, county of Essex, and State of New Jersey, have invented an Improvementfi'n Filter-Bottom Constructions, of

' which the following is a specification A This'invention relates to the construction of filter bottoms, particularly for-filters of the typeemployed for' filtering or purifying waten.

One of the objects of this invention is to" provide a simple and practical filter bottom construction capable of rapid installation and'of convenient and easy inspection during the process of construction or installa-.

tion. Another-objectis to providea construction of the above type in which the amount ofexposed metal'employed' is re-' duced to a minimum thereby to eliminate or reduce undesirable corrosive action and'thus v making for greater durability when in use.

Other objects will be in part obviousor'in part pointed out hereinafter. V

The invention accordingly consists in the features of construction combinations of elements' and arrangement of parts whichwill be'exemplified in theistruc'ture hereinafter described, and the scope of the application of which will be indicatedin the following 7 p i I j f to providesubstantially vertical orparallel In the accompanying 'drawings, in which claims is shown one of various nients of this invention,

Figure'l 1s aplan view; and

possible embodi- Figure 2v is a vertical section taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1 of a filter embodying the bottom construction of this invention.

Figure 3 is a vertiealusection' onanenlarged scal'eshowing certain details of the bottom construction," certain parts being Figured is' a'vertical section; and

Figure 5 is a plan view of a nozzle K160i: porated in the bottom construction ofthis invention, both views being on an enlarged scaleto show the construction more clearly.

Figure 6 is a perspective view of a modified form of bottom me berjan d nozzle construction partly in section;

Figure 7 is. a vertical sectional view on; a smaller scale of a modified form of nozzle construction. p l I Similar reference characters refer to similar pa'rts'thr-oughout. a

Referring'now to. the drawings and more ,which it is desired particularly toli igs. land 2, there isshown asingle filter unit comprising a 'mainchanr ber preferably built of reinforcediconcrete and formed by the main bottom 10 and the side members, or walls 11, the chamber being made in suitable dimensions commensurate; a

I for example, that a single unit should,

with thequantity of water,

handle. The depth of the chamber is simi la'rly made of sucheirtent as to be com-v mensurate with the degree of filtering to which it'isc desired, to subjectthe fluid, as;

will be made clear hereinafter. .The main bottomlO is provided withfa main channel 12' of-suitable cross section extending longitudi'nally of the unit, being conveniently formed during the pour: ing of the concrete of which the main bottom 10 and the wall members 11' are made, suit able reinforcingibeing Iusedvthroughout.

Considering now the detailed construction this main channel the interior bottom or what may be termedthe auxiliary bottom of this unit, it will be. seen that there isprovided a"plurality of transversely extending ribs or abutments l3 suitably spaced apart so asto form there V between a plurality of transverse channels la'connected withthe substantially centrally. i

and longitudinally extending main channel The ribsjlii are preferably so formed as adj acent faces which thus form-the side walls of the transverse channels 14L. .The latter I arepreferably' providedwith rounded bot toms, the construction being more clearly; shown in F on an enlarged scale; {In

order to obtain greater durability and rigidity; the transverse ribs or'abutments 13 are preferably reinforced ,by' meansv of suitable relnforcing'rodsflzi as shown in F 1g.

3Q The ribbed bottjo'inconstruction is "prefmolds being used to give the desired form and shape to the parts as hereinafter ode-I erably' cast separatelyjafter the casting of i the main bottom '10, suitable forms and' scribed, or it may if desired] be cast at the sametime as themain bottom 10 is formed."

cast separately,'the cross-section" being more stantially equivalent to the'width of a single filter unit, fThe ribbed sections 13,,thus individually cast may then be inserted in the filter u'nit individually and cemented in place.

The upper ends of thetransverse ribs 13 are preferably beveled as at 16, and inter mediate of the vertical walls of the chan nels 1 1 formed thereby and the beveled portions 16, the ribs 13 are provided with stepped portions forming horizontal supporting surfaces 17 and inwardly extending faces 18 for a purpose to be hereinafter more clearly described.

' It will be noted that in the bottom construction thus far described the formation of the parts is such that they may be readily cast and that after the casting of the concrete and upon the removal of the molds, the

parts forming the transverse channels are all open at the top and are thus readily inspected before the completion of the installation.

The transverse channels 14, thus far open at the top are closed by means of cover portions or slabs 19 which may similarly be cast of a suitable material such as concrete and reinforced if desired, and in such manner as to provide beveled lateralfaces 20, the maximum width of each slab 19 being such as to pass readily between adjacent inwardly sloping faces 18 of adjacent ribs 13. The slabs 19 are thereupon supported by the horizontal faces 17 in the stepped sides of the ribs 18 and are secured in position by means of cement or mortar indicated at 21 by means of which and because of the rela. tive obliqueness of the adjacent faces 18 and 20 of the respective parts the slabs 19 are securely fastened in position. The manner of thus securing the slabs 19 in place is well adapted to withstand pressure in an upward direction and because of the ample supporting surface provided by the horizontal faces 17 the cover portions or slabs 19 are well adapted to withstand pressure in a downward direction. Furthermore, the slabs 19 may be made of a length convenient for handling, and by making them in short lengths they may be readily adapted for insertion in units of varying widths.

Spaced at suitable intervals throughout the length of each cover portion or slab 19 are nozzles 22 forming the connection between each transverse channel 14L and the main chamber of the filtering unit. The nozzles 22, the construction of which is more clearly shown in the enlarged views in Figs. 4 and 5, are preferably made of bronze or a like material having like qualities of resistance to corrosion and are so formed as to provide a main tubular portion or neck 23 provided with a suitable collar 21 and preferably flared outwardly at the lower end thereof as at 25 to permit of the casting of the slab 19 with the nozzles properly positioned, and to provide further suitable securing means for holding the nozzles in position after the slab has been cast. The nozzle 22 is preferably formed in two parts as indicated with a threaded connection at 23 thus facilitating the formation of the slab with the lower portion of the nozzle in position therein. Means such'as a pair of radially extending webs 23 are integrally formed with the neck portion 23 to prevent the possibility of rotation of the nozzle in the cast slab 19. The nozzles 22 are each provided with a plurality of outwardly directed branches, herein shown as two in number, each formed at the outer end thereof into a downwardly directed opening or aperture, each preferably threaded as at 26 so as to permit the attachment thereto of the orifice bushings 27. The orifice bushings 27 are suitably shaped at their lower outer ends to permit the application of a suitable wrench and, as indicated shaped. The orifice bushings may thus be readily detached'and, if desired, may thus be readily replaced by orifices of different dimensions commensurate with the flow desired therethrough.

In Fig. 6 is illustrated a modified form of cover portion or slab in which a modified form of nozzle is employed. The slab 19'" has its base portion substantially similarly shaped as the slab 19 of Fig. 3 so as to permit its application to form the cover for the transverse channels 14L in the manner hereinbefore described and is provided With a raised portion 28 in which suitable tubes 29 are inserted during the casting of the slab 19 The tubes 29 are preferably made of a material like porcelain, for example; are preferably arcuate in section, as illustrated in Fig. 6; and each is provided with an aperture 30 substantially centrally positioned with respect tothe tube 29 so as to register substantially with the vertically extending channel 31 formed in the cover portion or slab 19. The porcelain tubes29, together with the ducts or passages 31, thus form a series of T-shaped connecting passagesbetween the transverse channels 14 and the main chamber of the filter unit.

In Fig. 7 I have illustrated another nozzle construction which may be found more convenient in building the combined cover and nozzle construction. In this modification, the nozzle 22, provided with a plurality of outwardly directed branches, herein shown as two in number and each branch having an orifice bushing 27 threaded therein, has a downwardly directed nipple portion 87 adapted to be threaded with the tubular base portion 38. The latter is provided at preferably its upper end with a collar 39 and is threaded at its other end to receive a nut 40, by means of which the base portion 37 may be positioned in and locked to the slab 19*. This construction is particularly advantageous where it is desired to make the cover portions 19 of stone, for example, the slabs 19 being suitably drilled and the'holes countersunk to permit the atin Fig. 5, the bushings 27 are'hexagonally tachment thereto of the nozzle construc:

tion ust described. I

i It may also be found convenient to flange the lower end of the base portion 38 in av manner similar to the flanged end 25 of the neck'portion 23 ofthe nozzle shown in Fig. 4, when it is desired to embody the structure of Fig. 7 with a cast slab.

. Referring now to Fig. 2 of the drawings, it will be noted that upon the auxiliary bottom in which the nozzle construction hereinbefore described is incorporated, there'is placed a layer, indicated as at 32,0f graded gravel and upon this layer. of gravel is placeda layer, indicated: as at 33, of sand. While only two layers of filtering material are illustrated in Fig. 2, it will be understood that anyFsuitable number of. layers of material of varying filteringpropertie's may be employedand that the depth of the various layers maybe adjusted according to the conditions under which the unit isrto operate. 5

:As seen in Figs. 1 and 2, the main cham I ber of the filter unit is provided with a partition 3 1 of less height than the" walls 11 so as to rovide an auxiliary chamber or sluice 35,. uitable' openings 36, more clearly shown in Fig. 2, form a connection between theauxiliary chamber 35 and the gutters 41,

U-shapedin cross-sectionso' as to be open at the top, and extending across the main chamber, tothe opposite wall thereof, to which they are suitably secured.

In the op'erationof the unit, the Water or other liquiddesired to be filtered is passed into the main chamber of the unit through the conduits 36, any suitable meanssuch as the. pipe connection 42; being provided to feedthe auxiliary chamber 35 with the waterto be filtered; will be understood, the incoming liquid may overflow the partition 3t,as during the filteringoperation, it is not essential that the gutters 41 be emploved.

The liquid seeps down throughthe. successive layers of sand and gravel and the solid matteriheld in suspension is separated from the liquid. The nozzles 22, as indicated at rig. 1, are preferably set at anangle of approximately 45 or thereabouts during the casting of the cover portion 19 so as to provide acloser approximation to a substantially uniformly distributed series of exit openings through the respective orifices 27V to the transverse channels l t. The fluid passes from the transverse channels 14 into the main channel 12 extending longitudinally of the unit and to which all of the transverse channels 14: are connected, whereupon it is passed for distribution through the.

pipe connection 43.

When it is desired to clean the filter so as to remo the filtering material. such as the layers 32 and 33, the matter removed from the water or liquid during the filtering process, afrevers'efiow of water is, caused to takeiplace "by forcing the water through the pi connection 43, through the channels 14 and through the nozzles. The

result of such reverse liow is to float up the sand in the upper layers of the filtering material-during which action the lower or;

coarser layers, of filtering material remain substantiallyundisturbed. The upper layer 5 of sand is, however, during the floating action thereof, effectivel washed and thewashing water is drawn off through; the gutters a1 and the'openings 36intothe auxiliarychamber-35 from which he Washing Water is expelled in anysuitable' manner, as

* The action hereinbefore described is sub- .80 through a pipe connection 44:.-

stantially similar when the nozzle and cover portion construction'shown in Fig. 6 is em;

ployed. With this latter ,construction"it of the preferred typeof nozzle construction as illustrated in Fig. 4, corro sionis efl'ect-ives ly prevented: or minimized by making the nozzles 22 of a suitable material, suchgas bronze, of suit of thewater. v"

.lt willthus be noted that there has. been will benotedthat. no metal isexpos ed to the water andthat incidental corrosive action is thus entirely done away with. In the'case.

able resistance to the action v Y provided'in this invention-a ract cal filterunit construction in which t e installation and construction thereof may be carried on in such manner asto "permit inspection. of. the parts during each stage of the. construc;

ioo

tion.- It will further be noted that the in I stallation may be, rapidly made and that the construction is of. an exceedingly durable and practical nature. 4 i

As various possible embodime'ntsmay be made of thiszinvention. and as many changes might. be made in; the embodiment above set 4 forth, it is to be understood that all, matter herein set forthor shown in' the accompany- 111g drawings, Is to, be" lnterpreted as illustrative and not alimiting sense.

lclaim'zji 1.1a construction of the character described, 1n combinatlom'amam chamber, a

bottom therefor, a plurality of spaced ribs extending transversely, of said bottom and forming therebetweenaplurality of trans-v verse channels open at the top; separate. means provided with a plurality of nozzles adapted to be bridged across adjacent ribs 120 thereby to close saidtransverse channels,

meansprovided with a plurality of aper tures adapted to be bridged across adjacent ribs to close said transverse channels, and means for locking said closing means in position.

3. In construction of the character described, in combination, a main chamber, means forming a bottom therefor compris ing a plurality of transversely extending ribs in spaced relation to form between adjacent ribs a transverse channel, a horizontal supporting surface on adjacent sides of each of said ribs, an inclined locking surface on adjacent sides of each rib, each of said inclined surfaces forming an acute angle with its associated horizontal supporting surface, means provided with a plurality of apertures and having outwardly inclined lateral faces adapted to be'supported on said horizontal surfaces of said ribs, thereby to close said transverse channels, and means interposed between the inclined surface'of each rib and the inclined lateral face of each of said means for locking said closing means in position.

a. In construction of the character de scribed, in combination, a main chamber,

means forming a bottom therefor comprising a plurality of transversely extending ribs in spaced relation to form transverse channels therebetween, each of said channels being open at the top, separate means adapted to bridge adjacent ribs thereby to close said transverse channels, and a plurality. of nozzles mounted in said closing means, each of said nozzles providing a single passage connecting with said transverse channels and a plurality of passages connecting with said main chamber.

5. In construction of the character described, in combination, a main chamber, means forming a bottom therefor comprising a plurality of transversely extending ribs in spaced relation to form transverse channels therebetween, each of said channels being open at the top, separate means adapted to bridge adjacent ribs thereby to close said transverse channels, and a'plurality of nozzles mounted in said closing means, each. of said nozzles providing 'a single passage connecting with said transverse channels and a plurality of clownwardly directed openings connecting with said main chamber.

6. In construction of the character described, in combination, a main chamber, means forming a bottom therefor comprising a plurality of transversely extending ribs in spaced relation to form transverse channels therebetween, each of said channels being open at the top, separate means adapted to bridge adjacent ribs thereby to close said transverse channels,and a plurality of substantially T-shaped nozzles mounted in each of said closing means, each of said nozzles providing a single passage connecting with said transverse channels and two passages connecting with said main chamber.

7. In construction of the character described, in combination, a main chamber, means forming a bottom therefor comprising a plurality of transversely extending ribs in spaced relation to form therebetween a plurality of transverse channels, adjacent sides of said ribs being stepped to provide a horizontal supporting surface and an inclined locking surfaceforming an acute angle with said horizontal supporting surface,

JAMES E. WILLIAMSON.

said 

